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近日，澳大利亚北领地议会通过了包括降低刑事责任年龄在内的三项青少年司法法修改。年满10岁的儿童犯罪后最高可判处10年监禁。 今天你练听力了吗？ 🤔️小作业： 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a recommended alternative to incarceration for children? A. Improvement in educational programs B. Community-led services C. Mental health services D. Addressing housing issues  无注释原文： The minimum age in Australia is low compared to many countries From: BBC In Australia a child as young as 10 can be arrested, charged, brought before a court and jailed. The minimum criminal age varies worldwide but Australia's is low compared to most European nations, for instance. Germany, for one, sets the age of criminal responsibility at 14, while the age is 16 in Portugal and 18 in Luxembourg. England and Wales also set a minimum criminal age of 10, but like Australia they fall short of UN standards. In 2019 the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended all countries increase the minimum age of criminal responsibility to at least 14 years. Experts say a low criminal age is at odds with research Legal groups have long said locking up children doesn't reduce crime and that young people drawn into the criminal justice system are more likely to face a future behind bars. The country's medical establishment has also taken a clear position, supporting raising the age of criminal responsibility from a health perspective. They warn of the damaging affects of incarcerating vulnerable children, arguing they should be supported with healthcare, not treated as criminals. There are many alternatives to jail, say campaigners Indigenous groups are calling for community-led services that draw on their knowledge to intervene early with vulnerable groups. The Law Council of Australia has spoken of addressing the underlying causes of criminal behaviour such as a lack of housing. And the Royal Australasian College of Physicians has said the focus should be on better services, such as in mental health, to support children and parents who may face drug or alcohol issues. "Locking up children doesn’t keep kids or the community any safer, and has lifelong damaging consequences for a child’s health and development," said Cheryl Axleby, co-chair of Change the Record. Chris Cunneen, a professor of criminology at the University of Technology Sydney, ended his recent argument for raising the age in The Conversation with this thought: "At a time when there is so much attention on the need to end the racism in our justice system, raising the age of criminal responsibility is more important than ever." - ◆ - 注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考 含注释全文： The minimum age in Australia is low compared to many countries From: BBC In Australia a child as young as 10 can be arrested, charged, brought before a court and jailed. 在澳大利亚，年仅10岁的儿童就可以被逮捕、起诉、出庭和监禁。 jail jail /dʒeɪl/ 表示“监禁”，英文解释为“to put someone in a jail”举个🌰：He was jailed for three years. 他被监禁了3年。 The minimum criminal age varies worldwide but Australia's is low compared to most European nations, for instance. Germany, for one, sets the age of criminal responsibility at 14, while the age is 16 in Portugal and 18 in Luxembourg. 世界各地的最低刑事责任年龄各不相同，但与大多数欧洲国家相比，澳大利亚的最低刑事年龄偏低。举例而言，德国将刑事责任年龄定为14岁，葡萄牙为16岁，卢森堡为18岁。 minimum minimum /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm/ 表示“最小值；最少量；最低限度”，英文解释为“the smallest amount or number allowed or possible”举个🌰：Let's hope we can get the job done with a minimum of interference. 希望我们能在最小干预下完成这项工作。 England and Wales also set a minimum criminal age of 10, but like Australia they fall short of UN standards. 英格兰和威尔士也规定10岁为最低刑事责任年龄。这就让它们和澳大利亚一样，远低于联合国的标准。 In 2019 the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended all countries increase the minimum age of criminal responsibility to at least 14 years. 2019年，联合国儿童权利委员会建议所有国家将最低刑事责任年龄提高到至少14岁。 recommend recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ 表示“推荐，介绍；建议”，英文解释为“to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done”举个🌰：I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious. 我可以向您推荐蘑菇汁鸡肉——这道菜非常可口。 📍单词“recommend”由词根“-mend”（来自拉丁语“mendare”，表示“赞扬”）和前缀“reco-”（表示强调）组成。 Experts say a low criminal age is at odds with research 专家称低刑责年龄与科学研究不符 Legal groups have long said locking up children doesn't reduce crime and that young people drawn into the criminal justice system are more likely to face a future behind bars. 法律团体长期以来一直表示，将儿童关起来并不能减少犯罪，被卷入刑事司法系统的年轻人更有可能面临未来的牢狱之灾。 be at odds be at odds 表示“与…不合；与…意见不一致；与…相矛盾”，英文解释为“to disagree”举个🌰：They're at odds over the funding of the project. 他们在向该项计划提供资金方面存在分歧。 The country's medical establishment has also taken a clear position, supporting raising the age of criminal responsibility from a health perspective. 澳大利亚的医疗机构也明确立场，从健康的角度支持提高刑事责任年龄。 establishment establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ 表示“企业;机构;单位”，英文解释为“a business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates”如：an educational/financial establishment 教育/金融机构。 perspective perspective /pəˈspek.tɪv/ 表示“（思考问题的）角度，观点，想法”，英文解释为“a particular way of considering something”举个🌰：Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject. 她的态度为这一问题提供了新的视角。 They warn of the damaging affects of incarcerating vulnerable children, arguing they should be supported with healthcare, not treated as criminals. 他们警告，将弱势儿童关进监狱会造成破坏性影响，他们应该得到的是保健方面的支持，而不是被视为罪犯看待。 incarcerate incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑː.sər.eɪt/ 表示“监禁；禁闭”，英文解释为“to put or keep someone in prison or in a place used as a prison”举个🌰：They were incarcerated for the duration of the war. 他们在战争期间被监禁。 vulnerable vulnerable /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/ 表示“易受伤的；易受影响（或攻击）的；脆弱的”，英文解释为“able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked”举个🌰：I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on. 一丝不挂地站在那儿，我感觉自己不堪一击。 There are many alternatives to jail, say campaigners 提高刑责年龄的支持者说，有许多替代监狱的方法 Indigenous groups are calling for community-led services that draw on their knowledge to intervene early with vulnerable groups. 原住民团体呼吁提供由社区主导的服务，利用他们的知识对弱势群体进行早期干预。 alternative alternative本身可以作名词也可以作形容词，表示“可替代的，供选择的（事物）”英文解释为“An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one.”举个🌰：An alternative venue for the concert is being sought. 正在寻找其他可举办音乐会的地方。 campaigner campaigner /ˌkæmˈpeɪ.nər/ 表示“运动参加者；运动倡导者；活动家”，英文解释为“a person who takes part in organized activities that are intended to change something in society”如：an animal rights campaigner 动物权利运动的支持者。 indigenous indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ 表示“土生土长的，本地的”，英文解释为“indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else” 🎬电影《阿凡达》（Avatar）中的台词提到：We have an indigenous population of humanoids called the Na'vi. 这里有一种长得像人的土著 我们称其为“纳威”。  intervene intervene /ˌɪn.təˈviːn/ 1）表示“干预，介入”，英文解释为“If you intervene in a situation, you become involved in it and try to change it.”举个🌰：She might have been killed if the neighbours hadn't intervened. 要不是邻居介入，她可能会没命了。 2）表示“插话”，英文解释为“If you intervene, you interrupt a conversation in order to add something to it.”举个🌰：He intervened and told me to stop it. 他插话，不让我再说下去。 3）表示“干扰”，英文解释为“If an event intervenes, it happens suddenly in a way that stops, delays, or prevents something from happening.”举个🌰：The boat arrived on Friday mornings unless bad weather intervened. 除非受到恶劣天气的干扰，船于星期五上午到达。 The Law Council of Australia has spoken of addressing the underlying causes of criminal behaviour such as a lack of housing. 澳大利亚律师理事会（Law Council of Australia）则谈到了解决犯罪行为的根本原因，如缺乏住房。 underlying underlying /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/ 1）表示“暗含的；深层的；潜在的”，英文解释为“real but not immediately obvious”举个🌰：And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts? 这些看似偶然的行为，其暗含的意义可能是什么呢？ 2）表示“以…为基础的”，英文解释为“used to describe something on which something else is based”举个🌰：The price of the investment fell below the value of the underlying assets. 这一投资项目的价格已经跌至低于标的资产价值。 And the Royal Australasian College of Physicians has said the focus should be on better services, such as in mental health, to support children and parents who may face drug or alcohol issues. 澳大利亚皇家医师学院（Royal Australasian College of Physicians）则表示，重点应该放在更好的公共服务上，比如在心理健康方面，为可能面临毒品或酒精问题的儿童和家长提供支持。 "Locking up children doesn’t keep kids or the community any safer, and has lifelong damaging consequences for a child’s health and development," said Cheryl Axleby, co-chair of Change the Record. “把孩子关起来并不能让孩子或社区更安全，而且对孩子的健康和发展有终身的破坏性后果。”“Change the Record”的联合主席谢丽尔·艾克斯比（Cheryl Axleby）说。 Chris Cunneen, a professor of criminology at the University of Technology Sydney, ended his recent argument for raising the age in The Conversation with this thought: "At a time when there is so much attention on the need to end the racism in our justice system, raising the age of criminal responsibility is more important than ever." 悉尼科技大学犯罪学教授昆尼（Chris Cunneen）在《对话》网站发表关于提高年龄的观点，他如此结尾：“当人们如此关注要结束我们司法系统中的种族主义问题时，提高刑事责任年龄比以往任何时候都更有必要。” criminology criminology /ˌkrɪm.ɪˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“犯罪学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of crime and criminals” - 词汇盘点 - jail、 minimum、 recommend、 be at odds、 establishment、 perspective、 incarcerate、 vulnerable、 alternative、 campaigner、 indigenous、 intervene、 underlying、 criminology - 词汇助记 By ChatGPT - In a minimum-security jail, a criminology campaigner recommended alternative programs for vulnerable indigenous inmates. From a new perspective, they aimed to intervene in underlying issues, preventing further incarceration and reducing societal odds against them.- 推荐阅读 -写在九周年的话 为了这个合集，准备了3年9个月 「LearnAndRecord」2023年度盘点 有人听写吗？推荐练听力小程序「合集」2024政府工作报告笔记- END - LearnAndRecord 2015年2月8日 2024年10月19日 第3542天 每天持续行动学外语  |
